Focus
The purpose of Focus is to provide coverage of poverty-related research, events, and issues, and to acquaint a large audience with the work of the Institute for Research on Poverty by means of short essays on selected pieces of research.
Note: For permission to reproduce Focus please see the publications administration page for further information.
Note: Focus articles published during the years 1976–1993 have been digitized and electronic copies are available below. (07/24/2007)
Volumes: 1–5 (1976–1982) | 6–10 (1982–1987) | 11–15 (1988–1994) | 16–20 (1994–1999)
21–25 (2000–2008) | 26–29 (2008–2013) | 30–33 (2013–2017)
Vol. 33:3, Special Issue 2017
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Making a difference over 50 years
by Rebecca M. Blank
Antipoverty policy initiatives for the United States
- A universal child allowance
by H. Luke Shaefer, Sophie Collyer, Greg Duncan, Kathryn Edin, Irwin Garfinkel, David Harris, Timothy Smeeding, Jane Waldfogel, Christopher Wimer, and Hirokazu Yoshikawa - Cash for kids
by Marianne P. Bitler, Annie L. Hines, and Marianne Page - Minimum benefit plan for the elderly
by Pamela Herd, Melissa Favreault, Madonna Harrington Meyer, and Timothy Smeeding - Single-parent-family policy
by Maria Cancian and Daniel R. Meyer - Renter's tax credit
by Sara Kimberlin, Laura Tach, and Christopher Wimer - Boosting the poverty-fighting effects of the minimum wage
by Jennifer Romich and Heather D. Hill
Focus+
Links to additional readings and videos related to the articles in the issue. This resource may be particularly useful in the classroom.
Vol. 33:2, Spring/Summer 2017
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Intergenerational transmission of income inequality: What do we know?
by Gary Solon
Poverty and parenting young children
- The role of parenting in the intergenerational transmission of poverty
by Ariel Kalil - Does increased income reduce child maltreatment?
by Lawrence M. Berger - Promoting school readiness through parental engagement
by Helena Duch
- K–12 programs to reduce the intergenerational transmission of poverty
by George Farkas - Interactive effects of Head Start and K–12 spending
by Rucker C. Johnson - Does full-day kindergarten reduce achievement gaps?
by Chloe Gibbs - Administrative complexity as a barrier to school choice
by Jennifer Jennings
Poverty, neighborhood, and school setting
- Neighborhood and the intergenerational transmission of poverty
by Lincoln Quillian - School context, segregation, and inequality
by David Deming - Does schooling increase or decrease social inequality?
by Stephen Raudenbush
- How childhood health affects poverty in adulthood
by Anna Aizer - Effects of poverty and health on children's cognitive development
by Margot Jackson - Medicaid and intergenerational economic mobility
by Rourke O'Brien - Inequality before birth: Effects of in utero pollution exposure on children's development
by Claudia Persico
Poverty and early care and education
- What is the role of early childhood policies in fighting
intergenerational transmission of poverty?
by Jane Waldfogel - What is "high-quality" early care and education?
by Terri J. Sabol - Can successful preschool programs work outside public schools?
by Christina Weiland
Focus+
Links to additional readings and videos related to the articles in the issue. This resource may be particularly useful in the classroom.
Vol. 33:1, Fall/Winter 2016–17
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- How does economic and social disadvantage affect health?
by Geoffrey R. Swain - Does Supplemental Security Income reduce disability in the elderly?
by Pamela Herd, Robert F. Schoeni, and James S. House - The long-term consequences of children's health and circumstance
by Janet Currie - Do unconditional income supplements improve poor pregnant women's birth outcomes?
by Marni D. Brownell, Mariette J. Chartier, and Nathan C. Nickel - Poor families, housing, and health
by Diana Hernández - Focus+
Links to additional readings and videos related to the articles in the issue. This resource may be particularly useful in the classroom.
Vol. 32:2, Fall/Winter 2015–16
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- Crime, punishment, and American inequality
by Christopher Uggen - How does incarceration affect where people live after prison, and does it vary by race?
by Michael Massoglia, Glenn Firebaugh, and Cody Warner - Children's contact with incarcerated parents
by Julie Poehlmann-Tynan - How does paternal incarceration affect children's cognitive and noncognitive development?
by Anna R. Haskins - If dad is in prison, will his children end up in foster care?
by Signe Hald Andersen and Christopher Wildeman - Using a public health approach to address the incarceration crisis
by Madeleine Solan and Charles J. Homer - Focus+
Links to additional readings and videos related to the articles in the issue. This resource may be particularly useful in the classroom.
Vol. 32:1, Spring/Summer 2015
This issue features an electronic supplement, Focus+, which includes links to additional readings and videos related to the articles in the issue. This resource may be particularly useful in the classroom.
[Full text in Acrobat format (3.3 MB)]
- Leveraging big data to help restore the American Dream
- Finding food assistance and food retailers in Detroit
by Scott W. Allard, Maria V. Wathen, Sandra K. Danziger, and H. Luke Shaefer - Detroit's food justice and food systems
by Dorceta E. Taylor and Kerry J. Ard - The changing geography of poverty
by Alexandra K. Murphy and Scott W. Allard - The Great Black Migration: Opportunity and competition in Northern labor markets
by Leah Platt Boustan
Vol. 31:2, Fall/Winter 2014–15
This issue features an electronic supplement, Focus+, which includes links to additional readings and videos related to the articles in the issue. This resource may be particularly useful in the classroom.
[Full text in Acrobat format (1 MB)]
- Early childhood interventions for low-income children
by Greg J. Duncan and Katherine Magnuson - Educational opportunity for homeless students
by Peter Miller, Alexandra E. Pavlakis, Lea Samartino, and Alexis K. Bourgeois - Reducing inequality: Neighborhood and school interventions
by Lawrence F. Katz - How school quality affects the success of a conditional cash transfer program
by Sharon Wolf, J. Lawrence Aber, and Pamela A. Morris - A path to college completion for disadvantaged students
by Emma Caspar
Vol. 31:1, Spring/Summer 2014
This issue features an electronic supplement, Focus+, which includes links to additional readings and videos related to the articles in the issue. This resource may be particularly useful in the classroom.
[Full text in Acrobat format (1.7 MB)]
Introduction to the Issue
by Maria Cancian
and Mary Pattillo
Poverty and welfare
- Measuring progress in the fight against poverty
by Gregory Acs - Family instability and the risk of material hardship
by Colleen Heflin - Work-exempt TANF participants
by Marci Ybarra
Children and families
- The social contexts of adolescent romantic relationships
by Lloyd Grieger, Yasamin Kusunoki, and David J. Harding - Racial and ethnic infant mortality gaps and socioeconomic status
by Steven J. Haider - Whose money matters?
by Alexandra Killewald
Race and immigration
- Immigrants balance local labor markets
by Brian Cadena and Brian Kovak - The effect of affirmative action bans on the representation of students of color in medical schools
by Liliana M. Garces and David Mickey-Pabello - Traumatic loss in low-income communities of color
by Sandra Susan Smith
Inequality and mobility
- Does incarceration affect inequality during old age?
by Ngina Chiteji - Intergenerational transmission of well-being
by Fabian T. Pfeffer and Robert F. Schoeni
Vol. 30:2, Fall/Winter 2013–14
This issue features an electronic supplement, Focus+, which includes links to additional readings and videos related to the articles in the issue. This resource may be particularly useful in the classroom.
[Full text in Acrobat format (658 KB)]
- Introduction to issue
by Timothy M. Smeeding (IRP Director) - The rise and fall of poverty as a policy issue
by Thomas Corbett - Family complexity in America
by Marcia J. Carlson and Daniel R. Meyer - Family structure and children's behavior
by Rebecca Ryan, Amy Claessens, and Anna J. Markowitz - The cost of breaking up
by Laura Tach and Alicia Eads - Neither here nor there: Incarceration and family instability
by Kristin Turney - How did the Great Recession affect fertility?
by Christine Percheski and Rachel Kimbro
Vol. 30:1, Spring/Summer 2013
This issue features an electronic supplement, Focus+, which includes links to additional readings and videos related to the articles in the issue. This resource may be particularly useful in the classroom.
[Full text in Acrobat format (1.2 MB)]
- Introduction to issue
by Timothy M. Smeeding (IRP Director) - The income-health gradient
by William Evans, Barbara Wolfe, and Nancy Adler - Emergency savings for low-income consumers
by J. Michael Collins and Leah Gjertson - Results of the federal urban Empowerment Zone program
by Matias Busso, Jesse Gregory, and Patrick Kline - Good jobs: The importance of who you work for
by David Card - Waiting tables for a living: How employers and geography affect working conditions
by Anna Haley-Lock - Focus+ Supplementary Material for Focus 30.1
Vol. 29:2, Fall/Winter 2012–13
This issue features an electronic supplement, Focus+, which includes links to additional readings and videos related to the articles in the issue. This resource may be particularly useful in the classroom.
[Full text in Acrobat format (820 KB)]
- Introduction to issue
by Timothy M. Smeeding (IRP Director) - Hard evidence on soft skills
by James J. Heckman - A Year Up
- Year Up: Providing a pathway from poverty to a professional career for urban young adults
by Gerald Chertavian - How does Year Up measure up?
by Carolyn Heinrich - Response from the author
by Gerald Chertavian - Value-added measures of teachers: Research and policy
- The long-term effects of teachers
- Effects of value-added policies
by Jesse Rothstein - Use of value added in teacher policy measures
by Eric A. Hanushek
Vol. 29:1, Spring/Summer 2012
This issue features an electronic supplement, Focus+, which includes links to additional readings and videos related to the articles in the issue. This resource may be particularly useful in the classroom.
[Full text in Acrobat format (2.84 MB)]
- A biology of misfortune
by W. Thomas Boyce - Food assistance in America
by Judith Bartfeld - Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program participation during the economic recovery of 2003 to 2007
by Janna Johnson - Effect of the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program on the New York City poverty rate
by Mark Levitan and Daniel Scheer - Food insecurity and access
by Alessandro Bonanno and Jing Li - Do farmers' markets ameliorate food deserts?
by Vicki A. McCracken, Jeremy L. Sage, and Rayna A. Sage
Vol. 28:2, Fall/Winter 2011–12
This issue features a new electronic supplement, Focus+, which includes links to additional readings and videos related to the articles in the issue. This resource may be particularly useful in the classroom.
[Full text in Acrobat format (1.45 MB)]
- Disconnected Americans
- The dynamics of disconnection for low-income mothers
by Pamela Loprest and Austin Nichols - From multiple program participation to disconnection in Wisconsin
by Maria Cancian, Eunhee Han, and Jennifer L. Noyes - The disconnected population in Tennessee
by Donald Bruce, William Hamblen, and Xiaowen Liu - How former prisoners become connected
by David J. Harding, Jessica J. B. Wyse, Cheyney Dobson, and Jeffrey D. Morenoff - Poverty and poor health: Can health care reform narrow the rich-poor gap?
by Barbara Wolfe
Vol. 28:1, Spring/Summer 2011
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- Reconfiguring the social contract: A summary of Both Hands Tied
by Jane L. Collins and Victoria Mayer - Reactions to Both Hands Tied
by Lawrence M. Mead - Response from the authors
by Jane L. Collins and Victoria Mayer - Disadvantaged fathers and their families
by Timothy M. Smeeding, Irwin Garfinkel, and Ronald B. Mincy - The psychology of poverty
- From income to consumption: Understanding the transmission of inequality
by Richard Blundell
Vol. 27:2, Winter 2010
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- Progress toward improving the U.S. poverty measure: Developing the new Supplemental Poverty Measure
by David Johnson - Measuring poverty in Wisconsin
by Joanna Marks, Julia Isaacs, Katherine Thornton, and Timothy Smeeding - How well do we understand achievement gaps?
by Eric A. Hanushek - Transfers and taxes and the low-income population: Policy and research trends
by Richard Burkhauser, Robert Moffitt, and John Karl Scholz - Revisiting an old question: How much does parental income affect child outcomes?
by Susan E. Mayer - An alien parachutes into economic research on low-income populations
by Thomas D. Cook
Vol. 27:1, Summer 2010
A four-page summary of the Focus articles is also available. For users with Adobe Reader 6.0 or higher, links in the summary connect directly to the full article in the Focus issue.
[Full text in Acrobat format (1.5 MB)]
- Middle class in America
- Consumer debt and poverty measurement,
by Steven Pressman and Robert H. Scott III - Effects of mandatory financial education on low-income clients
by J. Michael Collins - Supporting saving by low- and moderate-income families
by Peter Tufano and Daniel Schneider - The legacy of Alfred Kahn: Comparative social policy and child well-being
by Jane Waldfogel
Vol. 26:2, Fall 2009
A four-page summary of the Focus articles is also available. For users with Adobe Reader 6.0 or higher, links in the summary connect directly to the full article in the Focus issue.
[Full text in Acrobat format (2.6 MB)]
- Changing poverty and changing antipoverty policies
by Maria Cancian and Sheldon Danziger - Poverty levels and trends in comparative perspective
by Daniel R. Meyer and Geoffrey L. Wallace - Economic change and the structure of opportunity for less-skilled workers
by Rebecca M. Blank - Family structure, childbearing, and parental employment: Implications for the level and trend in poverty
by Maria Cancian and Deborah Reed - Immigration and poverty in the United States
by Steven Raphael and Eugene Smolensky - Enduring influences of childhood poverty
by Katherine Magnuson and Elizabeth Votruba-Drzal - Mobility in the United States in comparative perspective
by Markus Jäntti - Trends in income support
by John Karl Scholz, Robert Moffitt, and Benjamin Cowan - The role of family policies in antipoverty policy
by Jane Waldfogel - Improving educational outcomes for poor children
by Brian A. Jacob and Jens Ludwig - Workforce development as an antipoverty strategy: What do we know? What should we do?
by Harry J. Holzer - Health care for the poor: For whom, what care, and whose responsibility?
by Katherine Swartz - Poverty politics and policy
by Mary Jo Bane - What does it mean to be poor in a rich society?
by Robert Haveman
Vol. 26:1, Summer-Fall 2008
A four-page summary of the Focus articles is also available. For users with Adobe Reader 6.0 or higher, links in the summary connect directly to the full article in the Focus issue.
[Full text in Acrobat format (361 KB)]
- The new global labor market
by Richard B. Freeman - Improving individual success for community-college
students
by Susan Scrivener - A primer on U.S. welfare reform
by Robert Moffitt - Rethinking the safety net: Gaps and
instability in help for the working poor
by Scott W. Allard - A longitudinal perspective on income
inequality in the United States and Europe
by Markus Gangl
Vol. 25:2, Fall-Winter 2007-08
A four-page summary of the Focus articles is also available. For users with Adobe Reader 6.0 or higher, links in the summary connect directly to the full article in the Focus issue.
[Full text in Acrobat format (299 KB)]
Pathways to Self-Sufficiency
- Pathways to self-sufficiency
by Carolyn Heinrich and John Karl Scholz - Effects of welfare and antipoverty programs
on participants' children
by Greg J. Duncan, Lisa Gennetian, and Pamela Morris - Improving educational outcomes for disadvantaged children
by David N. Figlio - The employment prospects of ex-offenders
by Steven Raphael - The growing problem of disconnected single mothers
by Rebecca Blank and Brian Kovak
Vol. 25:1, Spring-Summer 2007
A four-page summary of the Focus articles is also available. For users with Adobe Reader 6.0 or higher, links in the summary connect directly to the full article in the Focus issue.
[Full text in Acrobat format (741 KB)]
- Poverty policy and poverty research over four decades
by Robert Haveman and Timothy Smeeding
Poverty research
- Fighting poverty revisited: What did researchers know 40 years ago? What
do we know today?
by Sheldon H. Danziger - What have we learned about poverty and inequality? Evidence from cross-national
analysis
by Gary Burtless - Parenting practices, teenage lifestyles, and academic achievement among African American children
by Ronald Ferguson - Hispanics at the age crossroads: Opportunities and risks
by Marta Tienda - On the legacy of Elliot Liebow and Carol Stack: Context-driven fieldwork and the need for continuous ethnography
Poverty policy
- Four decades of antipoverty policy: Past developments and future directions
by Robert Moffitt - Beyond the safety net
by Douglas J. Besharov - Taxation and poverty: 1960-2006
by John Karl Scholz - The institutional architecture of antipoverty policy in the United States: Looking back, looking ahead
by Marcia K. Meyers - Meeting children's needs when parents work
by Jane Waldfogel
Vol. 24:3, Fall-Winter 2006
A four-page summary of the Focus articles is also available. For users with Adobe Reader 6.0 or higher, links in the summary connect directly to the full article in the Focus issue.
[Full text in Acrobat format (318 KB)]
- Does temporary agency employment offer a way out of poverty?
- Race and poverty: Divergent fortunes of
America's children?
by Daniel T. Lichter, Zhenchao Qian, and Martha L. Crowley - Welfare reform as a failed political strategy:
Evidence and explanations for the stability of public
opinion
by Joe Soss and Sanford F. Schram - After welfare reform: You choose your
child over the job
by Lisa Dodson - Observation in poverty research
by Susan T. Gooden - New perspectives on the social and economic
contexts of HIV/AIDS infection
by Mitchell Duneier
Vol. 24:2, Spring-Summer 2006
A four-page summary of the Focus articles is also available. For users with Adobe Reader 6.0 or higher, links in the summary connect directly to the full article in the Focus issue.
[Full text in Acrobat format (297 KB)]
- A plan to replace the welfare state
by Charles Murray - Two redistributive proposals-universal basic income
and stakeholder grants
by Erik Olin Wright - Livelihood strategies and family networks
of low-wage Wisconsin mothers
by Jane Collins and Victoria Mayer - Work, parenthood, and the idea of reciprocity in
American social policy
by Christopher Beem - How does race influence judgments about parenting?
by Lawrence M. Berger, Marla McDaniel, and Christina Paxson - Can we improve job retention and advancement
among low-income working parents?
by Harry Holzer and Karin Martinson
Vol. 24:1, Fall 2005
A four-page summary of the Focus articles is also available. For users with Adobe Reader 6.0, links in the summary connect directly to the full article in the Focus issue.
[Full text in Acrobat format (1.2 MB)]
- Racial stigma and its consequences
by Glenn C. Loury - Neighborhood stigma and the perception of disorder
by Robert J. Sampson and Stephen W. Raudenbush - Inequality in children's school readiness and public funding
by Katherine Magnuson, Marcia Meyers, Christopher J. Ruhm, and Jane Waldfogel - Grandmothers raising grandchildren: Family
well-being and economic assistance
by Hwa-Ok Park
Service and systems integration: Continuing the discussion
- The challenge of institutional "milieu" to
cross-systems integration
by Thomas Corbett, James Dimas, James Fong, and Jennifer L. Noyes - Cross-systems innovations: The line-of-sight
exercise, or getting from where you are to where you want to be
by Jennifer L. Noyes and Thomas Corbett
Vol. 23:3, Spring 2005
A four-page summary of the Focus articles is also available. For users with Adobe Reader 6.0, links in the summary connect directly to the full article in the Focus issue.
[Full text in Acrobat format (829 KB)]
- Inequality in America: What role for human capital policies?
- Economic
inequality and educational attainment across a generation
by Mary Campbell, Robert Haveman, Gary Sandefur, and Barbara Wolfe - Equal opportunities for children: Social welfare expenditures in the English-speaking
countries and Western Europe
by Irwin Garfinkel, Lee Rainwater, and Timothy M. Smeeding - Social policy in the upper Midwest: A new Web resource
- The CNSTAT workshop on experimental poverty measures, June 2004
by John Iceland - Adjusting the poverty measure for geographic variations: What difference would it make?
- Temporary downturn? Temporary staffing in the recession and the jobless
recovery
by Jamie Peck and Nik Theodore - Fixed-term employment and its poverty implications: Evidence from Spain
by Catalina Amuedo-Dorantes and Ricardo Serrano-Padial
Vol. 23:2, Summer 2004
A five-page summary of the Focus articles is also available. For users with Adobe Reader 6.0, links in the summary connect directly to the full article in the Focus issue.
[Full text in Acrobat format (1 MB)]
The negative income tax
- The idea of a negative income tax: Past, present, and future
by Robert A. Moffitt - Robert J. Lampman and the Negative Income Tax Experiment (an extract from an oral history)
The effects of welfare reform on participating families
- Economic success among TANF participants: How we measure it matters
by Maria Cancian and Daniel R. Meyer - Has welfare reform affected children's living arrangements?
by Marianne P. Bitler, Jonah B. Gelbach, and Hilary W. Hoynes
Measurement and management for outcomes
- Performance management in federal employment and training programs
by Carolyn J. Heinrich - Service and systems integration: A collaborative project
by Thomas J. Corbett and Jennifer L. Noyes - The opportunities for service integration under current law
by Mark Greenberg and Jennifer L. Noyes - Why is human services integration so difficult to achieve?
by Jodi Sandfort
The consequences of a criminal record for employment
- How willing are employers to hire ex-offenders?
by Harry J. Holzer, Steven Raphael, and Michael A. Stoll - The mark of a criminal record
by Devah Pager
Visiting Scholars, Spring 2004
- The spatial distribution of neighborhood employment: San Francisco, 1940–1970
by Jacqueline Olvera - Children's chronic illnesses and mothers' health and employment
by Diana Romero
Vol. 23:1, Winter 2004
A four-page summary of the Focus articles is also available. For users with Adobe Reader 6.0, links in the summary connect directly to the full article in the Focus issue.
[Full text in Acrobat format (1.1 MB)]
- Temporary help employment and disadvantaged workers
by Carolyn J. Heinrich, Peter R. Mueser, and Kenneth R. Troske - Welfare policy choices in the states: Does the hard line follow the color line?
by Joe Soss, Sanford F. Schram, Thomas P. Vartanian, and Erin O'Brien - The skills of American workers in today's labor market
by Michael J. Handel - The children of New Hope, five years later
- Respect, support, and accountability: Lessons in delivering the New Hope Project offer
by Julie Kerksick - How do welfare sanctions work? New findings from Wisconsin and Illinois
Wisconsin, by Chi-Fang Wu, Maria Cancian, and Daniel R. Meyer
Illinois, by Bong Joo Lee, Kristen Shook Slack, and Dan A. Lewis - Benefit-cost analysis in the evaluation of child welfare programs
by E. Michael Foster and E. Wayne Holden - A cost-benefit analysis of the Chicago Child-Parent Centers
Vol. 22:3, Summer 2003
[Full text in Acrobat format (885 KB)]
Comparing welfare-to-work programs
- Income and program participation among early TANF recipients: The evidence
from New Jersey, Washington, and Wisconsin
by Maria Cancian, Marieka M. Klawitter, Daniel R. Meyer, Anu Rangarajan, Geoffrey Wallace, and Robert G. Wood - Successful welfare-to-work programs: Were Riverside and Portland really
that good?
by Robert Walker, David Greenberg, Karl Ashworth, and Andreas Cebulla - Single-parent families and the food safety net
by Judi Bartfeld
Service and systems integration: Renewing the quest for the “Holy Grail” of public policy
- TANF families and the child protective system: Evidence from Illinois and Wisconsin
- Left behind: SSI in the era of welfare reform
by Mary C. Daly and Richard V. Burkhauser - New systems of social programs? Local implementation of health care, Food
Stamp, and TANF programs
by James Fossett, Thomas Gais, and Frank Thompson - The service integration agenda: Political, conceptual, and methodological
challenges
by Thomas Corbett and Jennifer L. Noyes - Building comprehensive human service systems
by Mark Ragan
Vol. 22:2, Summer 2002
[Full text in Acrobat format (960 KB)]
- Why were the nineties so good? Could it happen again?
by Robert M. Solow - The right (soft) stuff: Qualitative methods and the study of welfare reform
by Katherine S. Newman
Marriage and fatherhood
- Expectations about marriage among unmarried parents: New evidence from the Fragile Families Study
- The economic circumstances of fathers with children on W-2
by Maria Cancian and Daniel R. Meyer - The life circumstances of African American fathers with children on W-2: An ethnographic inquiry
by David J. Pate, Jr. - Children's living arrangements after divorce: How stable is joint physical custody?
- IRP Visiting Scholars, 2002
- Including the poor in the political community
by Robert Asen
Evaluation of State TANF Programs: An IRP Conference, April 2002
- TANF programs in nine states: Incentives, assistance, and obligation
by Thomas Kaplan - TANF impact evaluation strategies in nine states
by James P. Ziliak - Perspectives of researchers and federal officials: A panel session
Income Volatility and the Implications for Food Assistance Programs: A Conference of IRP and the Economic Research Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, May 2002
- Income volatility and the implications for food assistance programs
by David M. Smallwood, Mark A. Prell, and Margaret S. Andrews - The role of food stamps in stabilizing income and consumption
by Craig Gundersen and James P. Ziliak - Income volatility and household consumption: The impact of food assistance programs
by Richard Blundell and Luigi Pistaferri - Short recertification periods in the U.S. Food Stamp Program: Causes and consequences
by Nader S. Kabbani and Parke E. Wilde - Food Stamps and the elderly: Why is participation so low?
by Steven J. Haider, Robert F. Schoeni, and Alison Jacknowitz - Gateways into the Food Stamp Program
by Aaron Yelowitz - WIC eligibility and participation
by Marianne Bitler, Janet Currie, and John Karl Scholz - The correlates and consequences of welfare exit and entry: Evidence from the Three-City Study
by Robert Moffitt and Katie Winder - Measuring the well-being of the poor using income and consumption
by Bruce D. Meyer and James X. Sullivan
Vol. 22:1, Special Issue 2002
Note: This special, 144-page issue of Focus (the longest ever produced) brings together articles that probe aspects of Temporary Assistance for Needy Families, the primary cash welfare program under the 1996 welfare reform legislation, which expires and must be reauthorized in 2002. Because of the size of the issue, each section has been placed in a separate file.
Reauthorizing TANF
[Full text of Contents and Introduction (pp. 1–2) in Acrobat format (857 KB)]
- Introduction: Reauthorizing TANF
Devolution
[Full text of section (pp. 3–34) in Acrobat format (1.3 MB)]
- The new face of welfare: From income transfers to social assistance?
by Thomas Corbett - Welfare then, welfare now: Expenditures in some midwestern states
by Members of the WELPAN network - Redefining a case in the postreform era: Reconciling caseload with workload
by Rebecca Swartz - Welfare reform and recession: Can the states handle both?
by Howard Chernick and Andrew Reschovsky - Social policy and the macroeconomy: What drives welfare caseloads?
by James P. Ziliak
Implementation
[Full text of section (pp. 35–50) in Acrobat format (549 KB)]
- "Whatever we have been doing": Policy control over TANF
by Thomas Kaplan - Welfare reform: The institutional dimension
by Lawrence M. Mead - Reauthorization and the data infrastructure: Can we do better this time
around?
by Robert Moffitt and Michele Ver Ploeg
Work, earnings, and vulnerable populations
[Full text of section (pp. 51–86) in Acrobat format (814 KB)]
- Welfare reform, employment, and advancement
by V. Joseph Hotz, Charles H. Mullin, and John Karl Scholz - Promoting self-sufficiency: What we know about sustaining employment and
increasing income among welfare recipients and the working poor
by Melissa Wavelet and Jacquie Anderson - The role of temporary employment agencies in welfare to work: Part of the
problem or part of the solution?
by David H. Autor and Susan N. Houseman - Employers and welfare recipients: What their interactions imply for public
policy
by Harry J. Holzer - Barriers to employment and the "hard to serve": Implications for
services, sanctions, and time limits
by Sandra K. Danziger and Kristin S. Seefeldt - Welfare reform and the vulnerability of mothers with intellectual disabilities
(mild mental retardation)
by Sharon Landesman Ramey and Bette Keltner
Family matters
[Full text of section (pp. 87–123) in Acrobat format (936 KB)]
- Responding to changing family organization
by Maria Cancian and Daniel R. Meyer - Unwed parents: Myths, realities, and policymaking
by Irwin Garfinkel and Sara McLanahan - Assessing the influence of welfare reform on child welfare systems
by Kristen Shook Slack - Child care for low-income working families
by Barbara Wolfe and Deborah Lowe Vandell - Early childhood interventions: Knowledge, practice, and policy
by Arthur J. Reynolds - Strengthening families: An agenda for TANF reauthorization
by Shawn Fremstad and Wendell Primus
Reshaping reform
[Full text of section (pp. 124–144) in Acrobat format (1.5 MB)]
- Refreshing reform: Ideas from British welfare strategy
by Robert Walker and Michael Wiseman - Immigrants and welfare reauthorization
by Shawn Fremstad - Funding issues in TANF reauthorization
by Zoë Neuberger, Sharon Parrott, and Wendell Primus
Vol. 21:3, Spring 2001
[Full text in Acrobat format (400 KB)]
- Evaluating welfare reform in an era of transition: Are we looking in the
wrong direction?
by Thomas Corbett - Evaluating welfare reform in an era of transition: A report of the National Research Council
- The private food assistance network
- Medical spending, health insurance, and the measurement of American poverty
by Gary Burtless and Sarah Siegel - IRP Visiting Scholar, 2001: Research Project
- Reconceptualizing "percent black": Explanations of violence among African
American youth
by Marino Bruce - Racial disparities in imprisonment: Some basic information
by Pamela E. Oliver - Incarceration, unemployment, and inequality
by Bruce Western - New Book: Out of Wedlock: Causes and Consequences of Nonmarital Fertility
- Income support for children in the United States
by Daniel R. Meyer - Cash for kids in four countries: Child benefits in Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States
- United States poverty in a cross-national
context (Article revised July 13, 2006)
by Timothy Smeeding, Lee Rainwater, and Gary Burtless
Vol. 21:2, Fall 2000
[Full text in Acrobat format (1.2 MB)]
Understanding Poverty: IRP Conference, May 2000
- Understanding poverty: Progress and problems
by Sheldon H. Danziger and Robert H. Haveman - The level, trend, and composition of poverty
by Gary Burtless and Timothy M. Smeeding - The evolution of income support policy in recent decades
by John Karl Scholz and Kara Levine - Mobility, persistence, and the intergenerational determinants of children's
success
by Mary Corcoran - Changes in family structure: Implications for poverty and related policy
by Maria Cancian and Deborah Reed - The rising tide lifts . . .
by Richard Freeman - Health policies for the nonelderly poor
by John Mullahy and Barbara L. Wolfe - Investing in the future: Reducing poverty through human capital investments
by Lynn Karoly - Welfare policy in transition: Redefining the social contract for poor
citizen families with children
by LaDonna Pavetti - Housing discrimination and residential segregation as causes of poverty
by John Yinger - The memberships theory of poverty: The role of group affiliations in determining
socioeconomic outcomes
by Steven N. Durlauf
What's next? Some reflections on the poverty conference
- Poverty and race
by Glenn C. Loury - Poverty and children
by Jane Waldfogel - What's the Internet got to do with it? Housing discrimination in the 21st
century
by David R. Harris
Other articles
- Using measures of material hardship to assess well-being
by Sondra G. Beverly - IRP Minority Scholars, 2000: Research projects
Vol. 21:1, Spring 2000
[Full text in Acrobat format (811 KB)]
- Child support enforcement policy and low-income families
- Cohabitation: How the families of U.S. children are changing
by Larry Bumpass and Hsien-Hen Lu
I. Fathers
- Fragile Families and Child Well-Being: A survey of new parents
by Irwin Garfinkel and Sara McLanahan - A failed relationship? Low-income families and the child support enforcement
system
by Maureen Waller and Robert Plotnick - The ethnographic study for the W-2 Child Support Demonstration Evaluation:
Some preliminary findings
by David Pate and Earl S. Johnson - The effects of Parents' Fair Share on the employment and earnings of low-income,
noncustodial fathers
by John M. Martinez and Cynthia Miller
II. Mothers and Children
- Dunning delinquent dads: Child support enforcement policy and never-married
women
by Richard B. Freeman and Jane Waldfogel - The changing role of child support among never-married mothers
by Judith Bartfeld and Daniel R. Meyer - To what extent do children benefit from child support? New information
from the National Survey of America's Families, 1997
by Elaine Sorensen and Chava Zibman
III. Pieces of the Puzzle
- Child support reforms: Who has benefitted?
by Elaine Sorensen and Ariel Halpern - Reshaping child support strategies for welfare families: The W-2 Child Support Demonstration
- Child support as an income source for welfare recipients in Wisconsin:
Where are the gaps?
by Judith Bartfeld and Gary Sandefur - Who gets custody?
by Maria Cancian and Daniel R. Meyer - Child support and child access: Experiences of divorced and nonmarital
families
by Judith A. Seltzer - Setting child support orders: Historical approaches and ongoing struggles
by Ingrid Rothe and Daniel R. Meyer - Child support disregard and pass-through policies
by Judith Cassetty, Maria Cancian, and Daniel R. Meyer - The welfarization of family law: The case of child support
by Tonya Brito
IV. International Reports: The European Experience with Child Support
- Child support policy regimes in the United States, United Kingdom, and
other countries: Similar issues, different approaches
by Anne Corden and Daniel R. Meyer - Child support: The British fiasco
by Jonathan Bradshaw and Christine Skinner
Vol. 20:3, Fall 1999
[Full text in Acrobat format (441 KB)]
- The case "against" social capital
by Steven N. Durlauf - "Social capital" and community governance
by Samuel Bowles - A policy in Lampman's tradition: The Community Reinvestment Act
by Edward M. Gramlich - In the midst of reform: Wisconsin in 1997
by Michael Wiseman - Food pantries and welfare reform: Estimating the effect
by Peter Eisinger - The employment, earnings, and income of less-skilled workers over the business
cycle
by Hilary Hoynes
International Reports
- When financial incentives encourage work: The Canadian Self-Sufficiency
Project
by Charles Michalopoulos, Philip K. Robins, David E. Card, and Gordon Berlin - The welfare state and the labor market in Denmark
by Lisbeth Pedersen
Vol. 20:2, Spring 1999
[Full text in Acrobat format (474 KB)]
- Economic growth and poverty: A return to normalcy?
by Robert Haveman and Jonathan Schwabish - In pursuit of Robert J. Lampman's "modest goal": Antipoverty policy after
welfare reform
by Sheldon Danziger
Women in the labor market, Part 2: Welfare mothers
- How much more can welfare mothers work?
by LaDonna Pavetti - Will wages grow with experience for welfare mothers?
by Mary Corcoran and Susanna Loeb - Work, earnings, and well-being after welfare: What do we know?
by Maria Cancian, Robert Haveman, Thomas Kaplan, Daniel Meyer, and Barbara Wolfe - Will employers hire welfare recipients?
by Harry J. Holzer - Barriers to work among welfare recipients
by Sandra Danziger, Mary Corcoran, Sheldon Danziger, Coleen Heflin, Ariel Kalil, Judith Levine,
Daniel Rosen, Kristin Seefeldt, Kristine Siefert, and Richard Tolman - Examining care after welfare ends
by Stacey J. Oliker - Credit cards and the poor
by Edward J. Bird, Paul A. Hagstrom, and Robert Wild - New Hope and W-2: Common challenges, different responses
by Thomas Kaplan and Ingrid Rothe - The New Hope Project: Two-year results of the MDRC evaluation
- Poverty: Improving the Measure after Thirty Years (a conference)
by Thomas Corbett - IRP Minority Scholars, 1999: Research projects
Vol. 20:1, Winter 1998–1999
[Full text in Acrobat format (377 KB)]
Women in the labor market, Part 1
- Women's economic well-being, 1970–1995: Indicators and trends
by Francine D. Blau - Differences between men and women in the low-wage labor market
by Jane Waldfogel and Susan Mayer - Earnings of husbands and wives in two-earner families
by Anne E. Winkler - Explaining the racial gap in labor force participation among women household
heads
by Irene Browne - Immigrant women in the United States labor force
by Georges Vernez - The "family gap" and maternity leave in the United States and Great Britain
by Jane Waldfogel - Labor pains: The effect of the Family and Medical Leave Act on the return
to paid work after childbirth
by Katherin E. Ross - Labor market dynamics and women's part-time work in the United States
by Rebecca M. Blank - International report. Part-time work by women in OECD countries: A sociological perspective
Vol. 19:3, Summer/Fall 1998
[Full text in Acrobat format (555 KB)]
Perspectives on the labor market
- Can the labor market absorb three million welfare recipients?
by Gary Burtless - Inequality and poverty in the United States: The twentieth-century record
by Robert D. Plotnick, Eugene Smolensky, Eirik Evenhouse, and Siobhan Reilly - Cross-national income inequality: How great is it and what can we learn
from it?
by Timothy M. Smeeding and Peter Gottschalk - Family income mobility: How much is there and has it changed?
by Peter Gottschalk and Sheldon Danziger
Families under TANF
- Fathers under fire: The revolution in child support enforcement
by Irwin Garfinkel, Sara McLanahan, Daniel Meyer, and Judith Seltzer - What welfare recipients and the fathers of their children are saying about welfare reform
- A three-year survey of Milwaukee families and the Wisconsin Works welfare program
International reports: U.S. welfare policies in Europe
- The Americanization of British welfare: A case study of policy transfer
by Robert Walker - Will Wisconsin Works (W-2) fit into the Dutch "poldermodel"?
by Dick Vink - New faculty affiliates of IRP
Vol. 19:2, Spring 1998
[Full text in Acrobat format (514 KB)]
Revising the poverty measure
- Improving the measurement of American poverty
- Poverty thresholds and poverty guidelines
- Definitional issues in establishing a new poverty measure
- The CEX, CPS, and SIPP surveys
- Research in federal agencies related to the measurement of income and poverty
- Putting the experimental poverty measure into practice
by Kathleen Short, Martina Shea, David Johnson, and Thesia I. Garner - Working around the official poverty measure
by Thomas Corbett - Measuring the cost of medical care
- Incorporating health care needs into a measure of poverty: An exploratory
proposal
by Barbara Wolfe - Estimating the value and the cost of housing
- Geographic differences in the cost of living
- What is it to be poor? Definitions of economic poverty
- Toward a better poverty measure
by Peter Saunders - Subjective assessments of economic well-being: Cognitive research at the Bureau of Labor Statistics
- Setting American standards of poverty: A look back
by Gordon M. Fisher - Better tools for poverty measurement: A look ahead
International report
- Welfare reform and labor supply behavior: The New Zealand example
by Tim Maloney - The IRP evaluation of the Wisconsin Works Child Support Waiver Demonstration
Vol. 19:1, Summer/Fall 1997
[Full text in Acrobat format (490 KB)]
- Investing in young children
- The state of early childhood intervention: Effectiveness, myths and realities,
new directions
by Arthur J. Reynolds, Emily Mann, Wendy Miedel, and Paul Smokowski
Note: A RAND report that discusses a number of programs reviewed in Focus 19.1 was published in April 1998 and is posted on the RAND World Wide Web site. "Investing in Our Children: What We Know and Don't Know About the Costs and Benefits of Early Childhood Interventions," by Lynn A. Karoly, Peter W. Greenwood, Susan S. Everingham, Jill Houbé, M. Rebecca Kilburn, C. Peter Rydell, Matthew Sanders, and James Chies, is available as MR-898-TCWF on the web at "http://www.rand.org/publications/MR/MR898/".
Cognition and Educational Achievement
- Early intervention, cognition, and school achievement: Findings from two generations of model programs
- School achievement, early intervention, and special education: New evidence
from the Chicago Longitudinal Study
by Arthur J. Reynolds with Barbara Wolfe - Does Head Start help Hispanic children?
by Janet Currie and Duncan Thomas - Early predictors of school adjustment among low-income urban children
by Lee Shumow, Deborah Lowe Vandell, and Jill Posner
Social Behavior and Work
- Two-generation programs: A roadmap to national evaluations
- The predictors of youth unemployment
by Avshalom Caspi, Bradley R. Entner Wright, Terrie E. Moffitt, and Phil A. Silva - Do intervention programs for young children reduce delinquency and crime?
Notes: The final report of the evaluation of the Comprehensive Child Development Program (CCDP), by Abt Associates Inc. has now been issued by the Administration for Children and Families (ACF). It is located on the ACF web site at http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/opre/hs/comp_develop.
The final report of the New Chance Observational Study, a study of parenting behavior carried out by Child Trends for Manpower Demonstration Research Corporation, was published by MDRC in April 1998: M. J. Zaslow and C. A. Eldred, eds., Parenting Behavior in a Sample of Young Mothers in Poverty: Results of the New Chance Observational Study. The Executive Summary appears on the MDRC World Wide Web site (address http://www.mdrc.org/).
Health and Disability
- It worked in Elmira, but will it work in Memphis? The long-term effects
of nurse home visiting on mothers' lives and children's well-being
by David L. Olds, Harriet Kitzman, Charles R. Henderson, John Eckenrode, and Robert Cole - The cost of caring: Childhood disability and poor families
by Marcia K. Meyers, Anna Lukemeyer, and Timothy M. Smeeding - Working conditions faced by poor families and the care of children
by S. Jody Heymann and Alison Earle
Measuring Children's Well-Being
- Assessing the long-term effects of foster care: An elusive mission
- International Report: International project on indicators of children's
well-being
by Asher Ben-Arieh - The Project on State-Level Child Outcomes
by Suzanne Miller Le Menestrel
Reports from the Study of Alameda County Residents
- The dynamics of homelessness: A longitudinal study
by Yin-Ling Irene Wong and Irving Piliavin - Pathways off the streets: Homeless people and their use of resources
by Bradley R. Entner Wright
Brief Reports
- The Avance strategy; The Profile and Synthesis Project; The Fast Track Program; Psychosocial interventions for children with chronic health conditions; Children with disabilities and the SSI program; Indicators of Children's Well-Being (new book)
Vol. 18:3, Spring 1997
[Full text in Acrobat format (550 KB)]
Note: the proceedings of the conference upon which this Focus issue reports have been published in full as IRP Special Report no. 69.
- Evaluating comprehensive state welfare reforms: An overview
by Thomas Kaplan - The next generation of welfare reforms: The challenge to evaluation
by Thomas Corbett - A pre-post design for state-based evaluation of national welfare reform
by Robert Haveman - A Survey of Program Dynamics for assessing welfare reform
by Daniel H. Weinberg - Outcomes of interest, evaluation constituencies, and the necessary trade-offs
by Maria Cancian and Barbara Wolfe - Indicators of child well-being: An update
- Controlled experiments in evaluating the new welfare reforms
by Glen G. Cain - Interstate comparison of welfare reform programs
by Irving Piliavin and Mark Courtney - Toward a basic impact evaluation of Wisconsin Works
by Thomas Kaplan and Daniel R. Meyer - The actors, decisions, and complexities of welfare reform: The W-2 example
by Elisabeth Boehnen - Process evaluation for state welfare reforms
by Karen C. Holden and Arthur Reynolds - A management information system for Wisconsin Works
by Michael Wiseman - Designs for evaluating devolution
by Burt S. Barnow and Robert A. Moffitt - The Midwest Welfare Peer Assistance Network (WELPAN): A model
by Elisabeth Boehnen, Thomas Corbett, and Theodora Ooms - International Report: The equity implications of the National Health Service
reforms in the United Kingdom
by Carol Propper - A tribute to Robert Lampman
Vol. 18:2, Fall/Winter 1996–1997
[Full text in Acrobat format (800 KB)]
Note: the charts on pages 59 and 66 are difficult to view or print in the complete issue above. These links are to just the charts themselves also in Acrobat format: [Focus 18:2, Page 59 Bar Chart] [Focus 18:2, Page 66 Pie Charts]
- Immigration and social policy: New interest in an old issue
by Thomas J. Espenshade, Michael Fix, Wendy Zimmerman, and Thomas Corbett - Legal immigrants and welfare: Some definitions
- Immigration provisions in the new welfare law
by Wendell Primus - Surveying immigrant communities
by Georges Vernez, Kevin F. McCarthy, and Julie DaVanzo - Immigration and the changing geography of poverty
by William H. Frey - Immigration and labor market outcomes for native workers
by Franklin D. Wilson and Gerald Jaynes - Forging mobility in a low-wage environment: Mexican immigrants in Chicago's
Little Village neighborhood
by Marta Tienda and Rebecca Raijman - Public assistance use by immigrants: What can the U.S. Census tell us?
by Frank D. Bean, Jennifer W. W. Van Hook, and Jennifer E. Glick - Immigrants and welfare: Evidence from the Survey of Income and Program
Participation
by George J. Borjas and Lynette Hilton - Elderly immigrants on welfare
by Wei-Yin Hu - Medicaid use by children of immigrants
by Janet Currie - The use of food assistance programs by elderly Hispanic immigrants in Massachusetts
by Luis M. Falcón, Odilia Bermudez, and Katherine Tucker - Food insecurity and hunger: Poverty policy issues for the 1990s and beyond
by Christine M. Olson - Welfare reform and the poor children of working parents
by Daniel T. Lichter and Erica L. Gardner
Vol. 18:1, Special Issue 1996
National issues
[Full text of Section 1 (pp. 1–29) in Acrobat format (162 KB)]
- Research challenges created by the new federalism
by Barbara B. Blum - The new federalism: Monitoring consequences
by Thomas Corbett - Monitoring the effects of the new federalism: A conference
- A roadmap: Potential strategies
- A table of projects
- Evaluating the new state welfare reforms
by Robert A. Moffitt - From welfare to work: Problems and pitfalls
by Robert Haveman - State responses to block grants: Will the social safety net survive?
by Howard Chernick and Andrew Reschovsky
State issues
[Full text of Section 2 (pp. 30–52) in Acrobat format (122 KB)]
- Informing the welfare debate: A conversation with state officials
- Welfare waivers: Some salient trends
by Elisabeth Boehnen and Thomas Corbett - Extending assistance to intact families: State experiments with the 100-hour
rule
by Matthew Birnbaum and Michael Wiseman - State-level indicators of children's well-being
- What a difference a state makes: Tracking the well-being of young children
and families
by Jane Knitzer and J. Lawrence Aber - Confronting the new politics of child and family policy in the United States
Welfare reform in Wisconsin: A case study
[Full text of Section 3 (pp. 53–87) in Acrobat format (518 KB)]
- Understanding Wisconsin Works (W-2)
by Thomas Corbett - Welfare reform under construction: Wisconsin Works (W-2)
by Karen Fox Folk - A profile of Wisconsin welfare recipients: Baseline data
by Maria Cancian and Daniel R. Meyer - The W-2 health care plan
by Thomas Kaplan - The W-2 child care plan
by Karen Fox Folk - W-2 and child welfare
by Mark Courtney - Implementing W-2: A few questions
by Robert H. Haveman - Research and evaluation issues relating to W-2
by John F. Witte and Thomas Corbett - Work-Not-Welfare: Time limits in Fond du Lac County, Wisconsin
by Elisabeth Boehnen and Thomas Corbett - The New Hope Project
Vol. 17:3, Spring 1996
[Full text in Acrobat format (350 KB)]
- A Medicaid primer
by Barbara Wolfe - Medicaid politics and group differences
by Karl Kronebusch - The effects of state restrictions on Medicaid funding of abortions
by Phillip B. Levine, Amy B. Trainor, and David J. Zimmerman - Expanding eligibility for Medicaid: What does it accomplish?
- "Time-limited benefits in France"
by Sylvie Morel: A comment, by Sheila B. Kamerman and Alfred J. Kahn - Reform of state Medicaid programs
- Child support and children's well-being
by Judith A. Selzer and Daniel R. Meyer - Developing a child support assurance program: New York and Minnesota
- Kinship foster care and children's welfare: The California experience
by Mark E. Courtney - Poverty and social policy in unified Germany
by Walter Hanesch
Vol. 17:2, Fall/Winter 1995
[Full text in plain text format]
- The myths of dependence and self-sufficiency: Women, welfare and low-wage
work
by Kathryn J. Edin - Welfare that works: The working lives of AFDC recipients
- What happens to single mothers after AFDC?
by Peter Brandon - Unintended effects: Employment and training programs and the welfare caseload
by Robert A. Moffitt - Time-limited benefits in France
by Sylvie Morel - The Bell Curve: A perspective from economics
by Arthur Goldberger and Charles F. Manski - The Bell Curve: A perspective from sociology
by Robert Hauser and Wendy Y. Carter - Measuring and comparing well-being from one country to another
by Liz Uhr - Welfare, work, and vulnerability: IRP agenda for 1995-1996
Vol. 17:1, Summer 1995
[Full text in plain text format]
- National welfare initiatives: IRP spring forum
- Measuring poverty: A new approach
- Welfare reform in the 104th Congress: Goals, options, and tradeoffs
Vol. 16:3, Spring 1995
[Full text in plain text format]
- Indicators of children's well-being: A conference
- Background papers prepared for child indicators conference
- Back to the future: Improving child indicators by remembering their origins
by Nicholas Zill - Conference on indicators of children's well-being: Origins and prospects
by Thomas Corbett - New developments in federal statistics on children and family
by William P. O'Hare - Accounting for the recent increases in low birth weight among African Americans
by Melissa Partin and Alberto Palloni - Winter research workshop: Problems of the Low-Income Population
Vol. 16:2, Winter 1994/1995
[Full text in plain text format]
- The Clinton welfare reform plan: Will it end poverty as we know it?
by Robert H. Haveman and John Karl Scholz - Changing the culture of welfare
by Thomas Corbett - Replacing welfare with work: The case for an employment maintenance model
by David R. Riemer - Welfare reform: Does it presuppose reform of the health care system?
by Barbara L. Wolfe - What happened to General Assistance recipients in Michigan?
by Sandra Danziger and Sherrie A. Kossoudji - Confronting Poverty: Prescriptions for Change
- The impact of single parenthood on children
- The Homeless
Vol. 16:1, Fall 1994
[Full text in plain text format]
- An evolving child support system
by Daniel R. Meyer, Irwin Garfinkel, Judi Bartfeld, and Pat Brown - When one demonstration site is not enough
by David Greenberg, Robert Meyer, and Michael Wiseman - Grants awarded
- Investing in children
- Recent discussion papers
- Examining the condition of children
- Recent IRP reprints
Vol. 15:3, 1994
[Full text in Acrobat format (2.28 MB)]
- Tax policy and the working poor: The Earned Income Tax Credit
by John Karl Scholz - Microsimulation models for social welfare programs: An evaluation
by Constance F. Citro and Eric A. Hanushek - Notes on Institute researchers
- Sixth Luxembourg Income Study Workshop
- Small Grants workshop
- IRP contributions to ICPSR
- The connection between family structure and entitlements affecting poor
young children
by Peter Brandon - Economists at Wisconsin: 1892–1992
- Auditing for discrimination
- What happens after foster care? A new investigation
Vol. 15:2, 1993
[Full text in Acrobat format (2.21 MB)]
- How many elderly in the next generation?
by Burton H. Singer and Kenneth G. Manton - The future of the Survey of Income and Program Participation
by Constance F. Citro and Graham Kalton - IRP agenda for 1993-1995
- Summer research workshop: Problems of the Low-Income Population
- Trends over time in the educational attainments of single mothers
by Peter Brandon
Vol. 15:1, 1993
[Full text in Acrobat format (3.02 MB)]
- Child poverty and welfare reform: Progress or paralysis?
by Thomas Corbett - Welfare reform in the states: The Bush legacy
by Michael Wiseman - Poverty in the rural United States
by Paul Dudenhefer
Vol. 14:3, 1992/1993
[Full text in Acrobat format (1.71 MB)]
- Poverty and public policy: A conference
- Poverty policy priorities for President Clinton
- Income and higher education
by Charles F. Manski - New books by IRP researchers
- Changing the poverty measure: Pitfalls and potential gains
by Robert Haveman
Vol. 14:2, 1992
[Full text in Acrobat format (1.92 MB)]
- Paternity and public policy
by Daniel R. Meyer - Research opportunities
- Myths about custodial fathers
- IRP Executive Committee
- Changing the U.S. health care system: How difficult will it be?
by Barbara L. Wolfe - IRP summer research workshop: Problems of the Low-Income Population
- What we know about the effects of foster care
Vol. 14:1, 1992
[Full text in Acrobat format (2.35 MB)]
- Measuring poverty
by Patricia Ruggles - Third annual IRP/ASPE conference on Evaluation
- Evaluating comprehensive family service programs: Conference overview
- The family service programs and their evaluations: Capsule descriptions
- Reflections on the conference
- Corrected figures: Focus 13:1
- New book: Evaluating Welfare and Training Programs; Charles F. Manski and Irwin Garfinkel, editors
- Notes on Institute Researchers
Vol. 13:3, 1991
[Full text in Acrobat format (1.75 MB)]
- What happens to youth after high school?
by Robert M. Hauser - 1991 Green Book
- The Wisconsin welfare magnet debate: What is an ordinary member of the
tribe to do when the witch doctors disagree?
by Thomas Corbett - National Advisory Committee, 1991–1992
Vol. 13:2, 1991
[Full text in Acrobat format (2.21 MB)]
- The underclass: Assessing what we have learned
by William R. Prosser - Small grants
- IRP agenda for 1991-1993: Education, families, and welfare
- Mentoring of at-risk students
by Vilna Bashi - IRP summer research workshop: Problems of the low-income population
- Poverty research seminars
Vol. 13:1, 1991
[Full text in Acrobat format (1.06 MB)]
- State poverty rates for whites, blacks, and Hispanics in the late 1980s
by Jon D. Haveman, Sheldon Danziger, and Robert D. Plotnick - Dimensions of vulnerability
- Discussion Papers
- Special Reports
- IRP Reprints
- The increasing role of the Earned Income Tax Credit
Vol. 12:4, Fall 1990
[Full text in Acrobat format (1.63 MB)]
- Where we are in the evaluation of federal social welfare programs?
by Charles Manski - Are lotteries harmful?
Vol. 12:3, Spring 1990
Special issue in honor of Robert J. Lampman
[Full text in Acrobat format (2.54 MB)]
Poverty
- Poverty and economic growth
by Robert M. Solow - The poverty problem: 1964 and 1989
by James Tobin - The impact of transfers on poverty
by Robert D. Plotnick
Social Welfare Spending
- Social thought and poor children
by Timothy M. Smeeding - Evaluating transfers to the elderly
by Marilyn Moon - Reducing insecurity: The principal objective of income transfers?
by Irwin Garfinkel - Social welfare spending and its effects on growth: Another look at the
Lampman analysis
by W. Lee Hansen
Income Distribution
- Lampman on the history of egalitarian thought: An update
by Eugene Smolensky - Reflections on slowing economic growth and rising inequality
by Peter Gottschalk - Thoughts on access to health care
by Burton Weisbrod - Why is inequality growing?
by Robinson G. Hollister, Jr.
Negative Income Tax
- Uses of the NIT framework
by Eugene Steuerle - Tax treatment of families in modern industrial countries: The role of the
NIT
by Joseph A. Pechman - The NIT as income tax reform
by Christopher Green
The Role of Universities in Social Science Research
- Helping at the margins
by Barbara Newell - The value of university-based policy research centers
by Bryant Kearl - Government and academia as complements
by Edward Gramlich
Vol. 12:2, 1989
- Learnfare: The Wisconsin experience
by Thomas Corbett, Jeannette Deloya, Wendy Manning, and Liz Uhr - Learnfare: The state's perspective
by Silvia R. Jackson - Workshop announcements
- Birth weights and the geography of poverty
by Katherine O'Regan and Michael Wiseman - Why are child support collections declining?
- Small grants and sabbatical grants
- IRP-ASPE research workshop
Vol. 12:1, 1989
[Full text in Acrobat format (2.66 MB)]
- Special Issue: Defining and Measuring the Underclass Overview
by Sheldon Danziger - The origins of "dependency": Choices, confidence, or culture?
by David T. Ellwood - What is the underclass—And is it growing?
by Christopher Jencks - A contextual definition of the underclass
by Martha Van Haitsma - The origin of black female-headed families
by Erol Ricketts - American Indian reservations: The first underclass areas?
by Gary D. Sandefur - Funding opportunities for poverty research
Vol. 11:4, 1988–89
[Full text in Acrobat format (1.34 MB)]
- The coming debate on postsecondary student aid policy
by Charles F. Manski - The effect of taxation on labor supply in industrialized countries: A conference
by Robert Moffitt - PC-SIPPTEST
- IRP agenda for 1989–1991
- The Family Support Act of 1988
Vol. 11:3, 1988
[Full text in Acrobat format (1.49 MB)]
- Social and economic change since the Great Depression: Studies of census
data, 1940–1980
by Elizabeth Evanson - Poverty rates by state in the mid-1980s: An update
by Robert D. Plotnick and Sheldon Danziger - The consequences of single parenthood for subsequent generations
by Sara Mc Lanahan
Vol. 11:2, 1988
[Full text in Acrobat format (1.34 MB)]
- Federal support for child care: Current policies and a proposed new system
by Philip K. Robins - New publications
- The changed face of poverty: A call for new policies (Starting Even, by Robert Haveman)
- The Status of Children in Wisconsin, by Sandra K. Danziger, Michael R. Sosin, and John F. Longres
- Minorities and poverty (Divided Opportunities, edited by Gary D. Sandefur and Marta Tienda)
- Policy at the state level (State Policy Choices, edited by Sheldon Danziger and John F. Witte)
- The role of the nonprofit sector (The Nonprofit Economy, by Burton A. Weisbrod)
Vol. 11:1, 1988
Special Issue: Welfare Reform and Poverty
[Full text in Acrobat format (2.26 MB)]
- Introduction
by Sheldon Danziger - Our poorest citizens: Children
by Daniel Patrick Moynihan - The new war on poverty
by Michael Novak - The evolution of child support policy
by Irwin Garfinkel - State welfare employment initiatives: Lessons from the 1980s
by Judith M. Gueron - Nonwelfare approaches to helping the poor
by Robert I. Lerman - Consensus on redirection: Which direction?
by Joel F. Handler
Vol. 10:4, 1987
[Full text in Acrobat format (1.69 MB)]
- Do income maintenance programs break up marriages? A reevaluation of SIME-DIME
by Glen G. Cain and Douglas A. Wissoker - SIPP and SIPP ACCESS: Initial findings from a new data base
- Tracking the homeless
Vol. 10:3, 1987
[Full text in Acrobat format (1.29 MB)]
- Poverty rates by state, 1979 and 1985: A research note
by Christine M. Ross and Sheldon Danziger - Financial aid for college students: Have the barriers to opportunity been lowered?
- The distributional implications of the Tax Reform Act of 1986
by Daniel H. Weinberg - The antipoverty significance of the Tax Reform Act of 1986
- Child Support Assurance System: An update
Vol. 10:2, 1987
Special Conference Issue: Poverty and Social Policy -The Minority Experience
[Full text in Acrobat format (2.15 MB)]
- Conference summary
- The obligation to work and the availability of jobs: A dialogue between Lawrence M. Mead and William Julius Wilson
- Federal policy toward minorities: 1787-1980
by Gary D. Sandefur - The declining economic status of Puerto Ricans
- Family policy and minority groups: Unanswered questions
- Some reflections on public policy
by Gary D. Sandefur
(See also Divided Opportunities, B 43, in the title list of books.)
Vol. 10:1, 1987
[Full text in Acrobat format (1.17 MB)]
- The Earned Income Tax Credit
by Eugene Steuerle and Paul Wilson - Food stamps and food need
by Maurice MacDonald - New book: Poverty policy and poverty research
by Robert Haveman - Teenaged childbearing and welfare policy
Vol. 9:3, 1986
[Full text in Acrobat format (1.64 MB)]
- Workfare and welfare policy
by Michael Wiseman - The relative well-being of the elderly and children: Domestic and international comparisons
- New book: Single mothers and their children: A new American dilemma
- Measuring the well-being of older women: The transition from wife to widow
Vol. 9:2, 1986
Special Issue: Twentieth Anniversary of the Institute
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- A brief history of the Institute for Research on Poverty
by Elizabeth Evanson - Poverty research and the social sciences
by Robert Haveman - Poverty research in international perspective
by Alfred J. Kahn - Poverty and poverty research, then and now
by Nathan Glazer - Have our measures of poverty become poorer?
by Harold W. Watts - National Advisory Committee, past and present
- Institute staff, 1966–1986
- Institute conferences
- Doctorates resulting from poverty-related research
- Books sponsored by IRP
Vol. 9:1, 1986
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- Child Support Assurance: Wisconsin demonstration
by Tom Corbett - The changing economic circumstances of children: Families losing ground
- Private aid for the needy
- Medicaid: The cost of deficient information
- A comprehensive view of disability policy
- The socioeconomic status of Native Americans: A special policy problem
Vol. 8:3, 1985
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- Are we Losing Ground?
- Immigration: Immigrants, work, and welfare
- Immigration: Issues and policies
- Immigration: Hispanics in the U.S. labor market
- OBRA effects: An update
Vol. 8:2, 1985
Special Issue: Conference at Williamsburg
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- Antipoverty policy: Past and future
- Session 1: Transfers, market income, and the trend in poverty
- Session 2: Family background, family structure, and poverty
- Session 3: Social services, civil rights, and poverty
- Session 4: The labor market and poverty
- Session 5: Health, education, and poverty
- Session 6: The budgetary and social costs of antipoverty policy
- Session 7: Summing up and looking ahead
- (See also Fighting Poverty [B 42, in the title list of books], the monograph based on the conference.)
Vol. 8:1, 1985
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- Measuring the effects of the Reagan welfare changes on the work effort and well-being of single parents
- Is a golden age in poverty policy right around the corner?
by Eugene Smolensky - Getting by: The Wisconsin Basic Needs Study
- Center for research and retrieval of data from the SIPP and ISDP
Vol. 7:3, 1984
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- Employment programs for the poor: Government in the labor market
by Elizabeth Evanson - Can and should universities help government with policy-oriented research?
by Robert Lampman - The economics of discrimination: Part 2
by Glen G. Cain
Vol. 7:2, 1984
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- The economics of discrimination: Part 1
by Glen G. Cain - The dynamics of dependency: Family background, family structure, and poverty
Vol. 7:1, 1984
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- Poverty in the United States: Where do we stand now?
- Retirement plans and actions: Some implications of the 1983 Social Security
amendments
by Richard V. Burkhauser
Vol. 6:3, 1983
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- Attaining more complete coverage under Social Security: The 1983 amendments
by Karen Holden - Multiple benefits: Fitting the pieces together
- Change of directors: Interview with Eugene Smolensky
- Last resorts: Where do the needy turn?
Vol. 6:2, 1983
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- The relative economic status of the aged
- Disability benefits and labor supply
- Valuing education and affording college: Two studies
Vol. 6:1, 1982
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- Social Child Support: An antipoverty program for the eighties
- From person to person: Studies of nongovernmental transfers
- Valuing in-kind transfers
Vol. 5:3, 1982
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- Supported Work: End of the era of social experiments
- Hispanic labor conference
- Schooling and success
Vol. 5:2, 1981-82
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- Poverty in the United States: Where do we stand?
- The Reagan administration's budget cuts: Their impact on the poor
by Sheldon Danziger and Robert Haveman
Vol. 5:1, 1981
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- Are private schools better than public schools?: A critique of the Coleman
Report
by Michael Olneck - Work effort, savings, and income distribution: What are the effects of income transfers?
- The dynamics of poverty
by Elizabeth Evanson - Participation as a measure of program success
by Jennifer Warlick - The Wisconsin Workshop on Child Support: Research and public policy
Vol. 4:3, 1981
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- Black statistics: A look at the figures on social change
- A perspective on the juvenile justice system
- Health, economics, and health economics
- Providing nutrition effectively: A continuing challenge
by Alice Clark - American inequality in the past: Myth and reality
Vol. 4:2, 1980
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- Moving into the mainstream: Policies for the disabled
by Sheila Ryan - On not reaching the rural poor: Urban bias in poverty policy
- The politics of displacement: White mayors, black mayors
- The "modern miracle" of microsimulation modeling
- Social Security and the changing roles of women: A conference
Vol. 4:1, 1979
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- Work and welfare: New directions for reform
- Child support: The evaded obligation
by Elizabeth Uhr - Class structure and income determination
- Community treatment of the mentally ill: The Mendota experiment
Vol. 3:3, 1979
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- The social scientist as expert witness
by Jan Blakeslee - Loans for black business
by Roberta Kimmel - The Community Action Program: A stimulus to black political leadership
by Jan Blakeslee - Due process under law: Where does the social service client stand?
by Stephen Wittman
Vol. 3:2, 1978–79
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- "White flight" to the suburbs: A demographic approach
by Jan Blakeslee - Sources of educational growth in America
by Robert Mare - Direct job creation: Where do we go from here?
- Why older Americans don't work
by Richard Burkhauser and Roberta Kimmel
Vol. 3:1, 1978
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- Moving up the job ladder: Is it harder for blacks?
- How much less will the poor work under income maintenance? Questions revisited
by Felicity Skidmore - Long-term trends in American wealth inequality
by Felicity Skidmore - Black suicide: An epidemic?
by Roberta Kimmel
Vol. 2:3, 1978
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- The used car rip-off
by Felicity Skidmore - "And justice for all": Legal rights activities in the United States
by Roberta Kimmel - A new measure of economic status
- The inheritance of wealth: Like parent like child?
by Paul Menchik
Vol. 2:2, 1977
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- Food stamps: Who gets them and what do they accomplish?
- Major benefits possible from new accounting procedures in welfare
by Larry Orr - Making schools more efficient: An economic perspective
by Roberta Kimmel
Vol. 2:1, 1977
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- Publication of the New Jersey Experiment results
- Political language
by Roberta Kimmel - An update of the poverty picture plus a new look at relative burdens
by Harold Watts and Felicity Skidmore
Vol. 1:3, 1977
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- Public employment: A major unsolved problem of the seventies
- Evaluating the antipoverty effort so far: A conference and a book
- Who would benefit from electoral college reform?
- A study on the demographic impact of school desegregation
by Karl Taeuber
Vol. 1:2, 1976
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- The rural income maintenance experiment
- Trends in economic inequality in the U.S. since World War II: A conference
- The new challenges to orthodox labor-market theory: How new? How challenging?
- Occupational and social mobility in the U.S.: Important new data source
- Government considers new ways to count the poor